Although Black usually accepts the gambit pawn, two methods of declining the gambit—the Classical Defense (2...Bc5) and the Falkbeer Countergambit (2...d5)—are also popular. White has a better pawn structure and prospects of a better endgame. White has strong central control with pawns on d4 and e4, while Black is relying on the white king's discomfort to compensate. The King's Gambit is one of the oldest documented openings. is relatively untested, but if White plays 4.Nf3 Black can transpose into the Hanstein Gambit after 4...g5 5.d4 Bg7 6.c3 d6 7.0-0 h6 (Neil McDonald, 1998). [34] An obvious drawback is that the Nc6 may prove a target for the d-pawn later in the opening. 4.h4 g4 5.Ng5 is the Allgaier Gambit,[18] intending 5...h6 6.Nxf7. [31] Black can play ...Bh4+ anyway, forcing 5.Kf1 (or else the wild Bertin Gambit or Three Pawns' Gambit, 5.g3 fxg3 6.0-0 gxh2+ 7.Kh1, played in the nineteenth century). To avoid having to play Ke2, 4.Bc4 is White's most popular response. It has been recommended by several publications as an easy way to equalize, although White keeps a slight advantage due to his extra central pawn and piece activity. The ancient King's Gambit is an opening beloved by Romantics. The main continuations traditionally have been 4.h4 (the Paris Attack), and 4.Bc4. The Cunningham Defense (3.Nf3 Be7) threatens a check on h4 that can permanently prevent White from castling; furthermore, if White does not develop his king's bishop immediately, he would be forced to play Ke2, which hems the bishop in. After 8.Qxh4 gxh1=Q Shaw recommends 9.Nc3 for White, with a complicated position.[28]. 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.f4 exf4 may lead to the Hamppe–Muzio Gambit after 4.Nf3 g5 5.Bc4 g4 6.0-0 gxf3 7.Qxf3, or to the Steinitz Gambit after 4.d4 Qh4+ 5.Ke2. It runs 1.e4 e5 2.f4 d5 3.exd5 e4, in which Black sacrifices a pawn in return for quick and easy development. 4.e5 forces the knight to retreat. The Falkbeer Countergambit is named after the 19th-century Austrian master Ernst Falkbeer. In the King’s Gambit Accepted: Fischer Defense, Black first takes away the e5 square from the White Knight. ?, after which the game becomes quite sharp, with White having the option of Qf3 with an attack on f7, or Kg2 threatening hxg3. "[3] Writing over 150 years later, Siegbert Tarrasch, one of the world's strongest players in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, pronounced the opening "a decisive mistake" and wrote that "it is almost madness to play the King's Gambit. "The refutation of any gambit begins with accepting it. are generally considered inferior. However, Spassky did beat many strong players with it, including Bobby Fischer,[8] Zsuzsa Polgar,[9] and a famous brilliancy against Bronstein himself. Some of these are: Black can decline the offered pawn, or offer a countergambit. He inspired Boris Spassky to also take up the King's Gambit, although Spassky was not willing to risk using the opening in any of his World Championship matches. King's Gambit Modern Defence - Chess Gambits- Harking back to the 19th century! These are generally considered inferior to the Muzio, which has the advantage of reinforcing White's attack along the f-file. It is infrequently seen at master level today, as Black has several methods to gain equality, but is still popular at amateur level. The Becker Defense (3.Nf3 h6), has the idea of creating a pawn chain on h6, g5, f4 to defend the f4 pawn while avoiding the Kieseritzky Gambit, so Black will not be forced to play ...g4 when White plays to undermine the chain with h4. John Shaw writes: "If given the time, Black intends to seal up the kingside with ...h4 followed by ...g5, securing the extra pawn on f4 without allowing an undermining h2–h4. The variation is sometimes named the Pantelidakis Countergambit because GM Larry Evans answered a question from Peter Pantelidakis of Chicago about it in one of his columns in Chess Life and Review. François-André Danican Philidor (1726–1795), the greatest player and theorist of his day, wrote that the King's Gambit should end in a draw with best play by both sides, stating that "a gambit equally well attacked and defended is never a decisive [game], either on one side or the other. Boris Spassky used it to beat Bobby Fischer in a famous game at Mar del Plata in 1960. The King’s Gambit is one of the oldest openings in chess and for good reason. [24] The move has received renewed attention following its recommendation by John Shaw in his 2013 book on the King's Gambit. (Korchnoi/Zak). It loses by force." 4...d6 and 4...h6 transpose to Fischer's Defense and Becker's Defense, respectively. The extremely sharp Muzio Gambit[20] arises after 4.Bc4 g4 5.0-0 gxf3 6.Qxf3, where White has gambited a knight but has three pieces bearing down on f7. It loses by force" and offered his Fischer Defense (3...d6) as a refutation. ), This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 04:29. Instead, 4...Bg7 has been recommended. Black continues 3...Qh4+, in which either the rook is lost (4.g3 Qxe4+, forking the rook and king) or White is checkmated (4.Ke2 Qxe4#). The main line continues 4.Nc3 exf4 5.Nf3 Bd6 6.d4 Ne7 7.dxc6 Nbxc6, giving positions analogous to the Modern Variation of the gambit accepted. Other 3rd moves for White are rarely played. Black defends his extra pawn, and threatens to kick the f3-knight with ...g4. ...Nf6–h5). The King's Gambit was one of the most popular openings for over 300 years, and has been played by many of the strongest players in many of the greatest brilliancies, including the Immortal Game. This knight sacrifice is considered unsound.[19]. [27] White is down a knight, but has a strong attack. This leaves the move 6.Ng1 as the only option, when after six moves neither side has developed a piece. The undefended knight on h5 means Black must be careful: for example 4.e5 Nh5 5.d4 d6 6.Qe2 Be7? is among the oldest countergambits in KGD, known from a game published in 1625 by Gioachino Greco. (correct is 6...d5! Since 1...e5 does not look like a blunder, White should therefore not be launching an attack.[7]. It was popularized by Lionel Kieseritzky in the 1840s and used successfully by Wilhelm Steinitz. A more modern interpretation of the Falkbeer is 2...d5 3.exd5 c6! White sacrifices the f-pawn to knock out Black's central e5 pawn. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO) has ten codes for the King's Gambit, C30 through C39. This is the most popular move. The bishop prevents White from castling and is such a nuisance that White often expends two tempi to eliminate it by means of Nc3–a4, to exchange on c5 or b6, after which White may castle without worry. "[4] Similarly, future world champion Bobby Fischer wrote a famous article, "A Bust to the King's Gambit", in which he stated, "In my opinion the King's Gambit is busted. Other options in the KGD are possible, though unusual, such as the Adelaide Countergambit 2...Nc6 3.Nf3 f5, advocated by Tony Miles; 2...d6, when after 3.Nf3, best is 3...exf4 transposing to the Fischer Defense (though 2...d6 invites White to play 3.d4 instead); and 2...Nf6 3.fxe5 Nxe4 4.Nf3 Ng5! A well-known trap here is 4...g4 5.Ne5 Qh4+ 6.g3 fxg3 7.Qxg4 g2+? Theory has shown that, in order to maintain the gambit pawn, Black may well be forced to weaken the kingside with moves such as ...g5 or odd piece placement (e.g. The main alternative to 4.d4 is 4.Bc4. Bobby Fischer, "A Bust to the King's Gambit", For the origin of the term "Quaade Attack" or "Quaade Gambit" see ", For the origins of the name "Muzio" and how the eponymous variation came to be labeled, see, Named after Martin Villemson (1897-1933) of, Spielmann–Bogoljubow, Märisch Ostrau 1923, Spassky vs. Bronstein, USSR Championship 1960, "Rajlich: Busting the King's Gambit, this time for sure", "Medias R4: Carlsen plays the King's Gambit in the King's Tournament! (7...Qxg4=) is now viable due to the threat against the pawn on e4. White, on the second move challenges black’s center and begins an attack at the black kingside. This variation was considered most critical in the past, but recent trends seem to indicate a slight advantage for White. [10], In 2012, an April Fool prank by Chessbase in association with Vasik Rajlich—inventor of chess engine Rybka—claimed to have proven to a 99.99999999% certainty that the King's Gambit is at best a draw for White. (7...Qxg4 8.Nxg4 d5 is about equal) 8.Qxh4 gxh1=Q 9.Qh5! Similar lines are the Ghulam Kassim Gambit, 4.Bc4 g4 5.d4, and the McDonnell Gambit, 4.Bc4 g4 5.Nc3. The Salvio Gambit, 4.Bc4 g4 5.Ne5 Qh4+ 6.Kf1, is considered better for Black due to the insecurity of White's king. Ideally White would like to take over the center and regain the pawn on f4. Steinitz had argued that an attack is only justified when a player has an advantage, and an advantage is only obtainable after the opponent makes a mistake. 5.d4 Nxf3+ 6.Qxf3 Qh4+ 7.Qf2 Qxf2+ 8.Kxf2 with a small endgame advantage, as played in the 1968 game between Bobby Fischer and Bob Wade in Vinkovci. It was examined by the 17th-century Italian chess player Giulio Cesare Polerio,[1] and also appears in one of the earliest chess books, Luis Ramírez de Lucena's Repetición de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez (1497). After World War II, 1.e4 openings became more popular again, with David Bronstein being the first grandmaster in decades to use the King's Gambit in serious play. [17] The main line of the Kieseritzky Gambit is considered to be 5...Nf6 6.Bc4 d5 7.exd5 Bd6 8.d4 with an unclear position. [41] Vincenz Hruby also played it against Mikhail Chigorin in 1882. White also has the option of delaying the development of his knight on f3, however, and can instead play g3! Also dubious are the Keene Defense: 2...Qh4+ 3.g3 Qe7 and the Mafia Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.f4 c5.[40]. Joe Gallagher writes that 3.Nf3 Nc6 "has never really caught on, probably because it does nothing to address Black's immediate problems." The Modern Defense, or Abbazia Defense,[33] (3.Nf3 d5) has much the same idea as the Falkbeer Countergambit, and can in fact be reached by transposition, e.g. In the Vienna Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.f4), Black should reply 3...d5, since 3....exf4?! A downside to the King's Gambit is that White weakens their own king's position, exposing it to the latent threat of ...Qh4+ (or ...Be7–h4+).

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