By the end of Armstrong's career in the 1960s, his influence had spread to popular music in general. [58], During the 1920s, Louis Armstrong brought a huge impact during the Harlem Renaissance within the Jazz world. Louis Armstrong: An Extravagant Life.

"I just play music. The band drew the Hollywood crowd, which could still afford a lavish night life, while radio broadcasts from the club connected with younger audiences at home. [51], Armstrong returned to New York in 1929, where he played in the pit orchestra for the musical Hot Chocolates, an all-black revue written by Andy Razaf and pianist Fats Waller. [91] He was heard on such radio programs as The Story of Swing (1937) and This Is Jazz (1947), and he also made television appearances, especially in the 1950s and 1960s, including appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. [4] Around 1922, he followed his mentor, Joe "King" Oliver, to Chicago to play in the Creole Jazz Band.

After a tour across the country shadowed by the mob, he fled to Europe. The Louis Armstrong House Museum website states: Judging from home recorded tapes now in our Museum Collections, Louis pronounced his own name as "Lewis". His second wife helped him develop his career, but they separated in 1931 and divorced in 1938. With Danny Kaye he performed a duet of "When the Saints Go Marching In" during which Kaye impersonated Armstrong. He did odd jobs for the Karnoffskys, a family of Lithuanian Jews. Shortly afterward, Armstrong received an invitation to go to New York City to play with the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, the top African-American band of the time. [59] His impact touched many, including a well-known man during that time named Langston Hughes. The word "muggles" was a slang term for marijuana, something he used often during his life. Long before this, however, Armstrong was playing around with his vocals, shortening and lengthening phrases, interjecting improvisations, using his voice as creatively as his trumpet. Holiday said that she always wanted Bessie Smith's 'big' sound and Armstrong's feeling in her singing. As his music progressed and popularity grew, his singing also became very important. In Chicago, he spent time with other popular jazz musicians, reconnecting with his friend Bix Beiderbecke and spending time with Hoagy Carmichael and Lil Hardin.

[57] But soon he was on the road again. "[102] His laxative use began as a child when his mother would collect dandelions and peppergrass around the railroad tracks to give to her children for their health.

Born in New Orleans, Armstrong dropped out of school to earn money for his family in fifth grade, and started working as a delivery boy for the Karnofskys.

[65], By the 1950s, Armstrong was a widely beloved American icon and cultural ambassador who commanded an international fanbase. Over a twelve-month period starting in November 1925, this quintet produced twenty-four records. [55] He returned to Chicago in late 1931 and played in bands more in the Guy Lombardo vein and he recorded more standards. L ouis Armstrong was a famous jazz trumpet player and singer. Armstrong joined [122] He was released from the hospital in May, and quickly resumed practicing his trumpet playing. [48], After separating from Lil, Armstrong started to play at the Sunset Café for Al Capone's associate Joe Glaser in the Carroll Dickerson Orchestra, with Earl Hines on piano, which was renamed Louis Armstrong and his Stompers,[49] though Hines was the music director and Glaser managed the orchestra. [20], When Armstrong was eleven, he dropped out of school. 1 making him, at 62 years, 9 months and 5 days, the oldest person ever to accomplish that feat. [98], When asked about his religion, Armstrong answered that he was raised a Baptist, always wore a Star of David, and was friends with the pope. During his long career he played and sang with some of the most important instrumentalists and vocalists of the time; among them were Bing Crosby, Duke Ellington, Fletcher Henderson, Earl Hines, Jimmie Rodgers, Bessie Smith and perhaps most famously Ella Fitzgerald. On the road, he wrote constantly, sharing favorite themes of his life with correspondents around the world. It became impossible under such circumstances to finance a 16-piece touring band. [76], Armstrong made his last recorded trumpet performances on his 1968 album Disney Songs the Satchmo Way.[77]. Long before this, however, Armstrong was playing around with his vocals, shortening and lengthening phrases, interjecting improvisations, using his voice as creatively as his trumpet. The albums feature many of Ellington's most famous compositions (as well as two exclusive cuts) with Duke sitting in on piano. [137], Congo Square was a common gathering place for African-Americans in New Orleans for dancing and performing music. regarded as one of the most important and influential musicians in the Another tale is that because of his large mouth, he was nicknamed "satchel mouth" which was shortened to "Satchmo".[91]. (Armstrong also appeared in humorous, albeit risqué, cards that he had printed to send out to friends; the cards bore a picture of him sitting on a toilet—as viewed through a keyhole—with the slogan "Satch says, 'Leave it all behind ya! With Oliver's Creole Jazz Band he could make enough money to quit his day jobs. In the den of his home, he had the latest audio equipment and would sometimes rehearse and record along with his older recordings or the radio.[113].

He avidly typed or wrote on whatever stationery was at hand, recording instant takes on music, sex, food, childhood memories, his heavy "medicinal" marijuana use—and even his bowel movements, which he gleefully described. Year's Eve. This article is spelling it with two "f"s based on Bergreen (1998). [108], Armstrong's gregariousness extended to writing. A new visitors center is planned.[140]. [37] Armstrong's mother, May Ann Albert, came to visit him in Chicago during the summer of 1923 after being told that Armstrong was "out of work, out of money, hungry, and sick"; Hardin located and decorated an apartment for her to live in while she stayed. He spent the night at New Orleans Juvenile Court, then was sentenced the next day to detention at the Colored Waif's Home.

He recorded Hoagy Carmichael's "Rockin' Chair" for Okeh Records. When the mob insisted that he get out of town,[56] Armstrong visited New Orleans, had a hero's welcome, and saw old friends. The grandson of slaves, he worked as a paperboy and sold food he salvaged to restaurants. [88] In a 1955 letter to his manager, Joe Glaser, Armstrong affirmed his belief that Preston's newborn baby was his daughter, and ordered Glaser to pay a monthly allowance of $400 (US$4,772 in 2019 dollars[89]) to mother and child.

"[23], Borrowing his stepfather's gun without permission, he fired a blank into the air and was arrested on December 31, 1912. Armstrong also began to experience problems with his fingers and lips, which were aggravated by his unorthodox playing style. The solo that Armstrong plays during the song "Potato Head Blues" has long been considered his best solo of that series.

He played at the New Cotton Club in Los Angeles with Lionel Hampton on drums. He was one of two children born to Willie Armstrong, a turpentine worker, and Mary Ann Armstrong, whose grandparents had been slaves. International jazz legend. For a time he was a member of the Lil Hardin Armstrong Band and working for his wife. For President Abraham Lincoln, it did. [128][129], The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame listed Armstrong's West End Blues on the list of 500 songs that shaped Rock and Roll.[130]. By submitting the above I agree to the privacy policy and terms of use of JTA.org. In 1968, Armstrong scored one last popular hit in the United Kingdom with "What a Wonderful World", which topped the British charts for a month. [60] Within Hughes writings, he created many books which held the central idea of jazz and recognition to Armstrong as one of the most important person to be part of the new found love of their culture. In the 1960s, he toured Ghana and Nigeria. "[95], Armstrong was largely accepted into white society, both on stage and off, a rarity for a black person at the time. [3] In 2017, he was inducted into the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. Meanwhile, his longtime manager Joe Glaser died.

[33], Throughout his riverboat experience, Armstrong's musicianship began to mature and expand. Armstrong could blow two hundred high Cs in a row. band to make records, who gave him trumpet lessons.

By the 1950s, he was an official spokesman for Ansatz-Creme Lip Salve. [13] At six he attended the Fisk School for Boys,[14] a school that accepted black children in the racially segregated system of New Orleans. © 2020 jewish telegraphic agency all rights reserved. On various live records he's called "Louie" on stage, such as on the 1952 "Can Anyone Explain?" This also wound up being a gift, though, since the home gave him great musical instruction. He also became second trumpet for the Tuxedo Brass Band. Musicians and close friends usually called him "Pops".[78]. She encouraged him to play classical music in church concerts to broaden his skills. John Thomas replaced Kid Ory on trombone. London: Studio Vista, 1971. After a tour across the country shadowed by the mob, he fled to Europe.

He also appeared in

His version of the song became his biggest selling record to date.[52]. The uniquely gravelly coloration of his voice became a musical archetype that was much imitated and endlessly impersonated.

Though Armstrong is widely recognized as a pioneer of scat singing, Ethel Waters precedes his scatting on record in the 1930s according to Gary Giddins and others. "[134] In 1950, Bing Crosby, the most successful vocalist of the first half of the 20th century, said, "He is the beginning and the end of music in America."[135]. label.[120]. is one of his most recognizable performances.

"King" Oliver, leader of the first great African American (1969) starring Barbra Streisand. Musicians and close friends usually called him "Pops".[78]. This group was called Louis Armstrong and His All Stars and included at various times Earl "Fatha" Hines, Barney Bigard, Edmond Hall, Jack Teagarden, Trummy Young, Arvell Shaw, Billy Kyle, Marty Napoleon, Big Sid "Buddy" Catlett, Cozy Cole, Tyree Glenn, Barrett Deems, Mort Herbert, Joe Darensbourg, Eddie Shu, Joe Muranyi and percussionist Danny Barcelona. [114] On a later recording, Armstrong also sang out "I done forgot the words" in the middle of recording "I'm A Ding Dong Daddy From Dumas". In the second stanza he breaks into an almost fully improvised melody, which then evolves into a classic passage of Armstrong "scat singing". ", which gave the 63-year-old performer a U.S. record as the oldest artist to have a number one song. He met the six-foot tall drummer Black Benny, who became his guide and bodyguard. [11] About two years later, he had a daughter, Beatrice "Mama Lucy" Armstrong, who was raised by Albert. His autobiography vexed some biographers and historians, as he had a habit of telling tales, particularly of his early childhood when he was less scrutinized, and his embellishments of his history often lack consistency. Although race relations were poor, Chicago was booming. [64] Following a highly successful small-group jazz concert at New York Town Hall on May 17, 1947, featuring Armstrong with trombonist/singer Jack Teagarden, Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser dissolved the Armstrong big band on August 13, 1947, and established a six-piece traditional jazz group featuring Armstrong with (initially) Teagarden, Earl Hines and other top swing and Dixieland musicians, most of whom were previously leaders of big bands. He traveled with the band of Fate Marable, which toured on the steamboat Sidney with the Streckfus Steamers line up and down the Mississippi River. On February 4, 1924, he married Lil Hardin Armstrong, King Oliver's pianist. Such records were hits and scat singing became a major part of his performances.

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